POST PARTUM DÉPRESSION

One of the most beautiful yet challenging seasons of life is pregnancy. There are so many mental health challenges that come with the  pre and post natal season. In this article we explore Postnatal Depression. 

The Dsm V identifies this disorder as a Major Depressive Disorder with peripartum onset. It falls under depressive disorders and is commonly referred to as Postpartum Disorder . 

There are many risks associated with PPD Including, Demographic Risk Factors, Obstetric and Medical Risk Factors,Psychological and Social Risk Factors,Hormonal and Neurobiological Risk Factors

and other risk factors. 

Women under 20 or over 35 years old are highly likely to expérience PPD. This is due to age-related constraints in pregnancy and childbirth. It is also likely that women from Low-income society  or those with limited education may suffer from PPD. Marital status during the pregnancy also contributes to PPD for example Single, separated, or divorced women. 

Obstetric and Medical Risk Factors also have an influence . If one has a history of depression or anxiety they might fall prey to PPD. Previous traumatic birth experience  or complicated delivery also creates risk. Psychological and Social Risk Factors include lack of social support from family, friends, or partner. Stressful life events such as moving, job change, or loss of a loved one contribute to PPD. 

Previous traumatic experiences, such as abuse or neglect can pre expose women to PPD . Some Personality traits for example Women with perfectionistic or high-achieving personality traits also are more inclined towards PPD. 

There  are also Hormonal and Neurobiological Risk Factors. These include Significant hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and postpartum, Thyroid dysfunction and Neurotransmitter imbalance. 

Other Risk Factors include Previous substance abuse or addiction, Women who have experienced PPD in a previous pregnancy and Women with a family history of depression or anxiety. 

Emotional Symptoms include Persistent feelings of sadness, mood swings, apathy, guilt or shame, and anxiety. 

Physical Symptoms are fatigue, change in appetite increase or decrease in eating, sleep disturbances, digestive issues an pain for eg headaches, joint aches etc. 

PPD can be treated through medication, psychotherapy and social interventions.  Psychological Interventions include Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which Helps women identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.Psychodynamic Therapy Explores the emotional and psychological factors contributing to PPD. These can be administered by qualified psychologists. Medications such as Antidepressants, and mood stabilizers can be prescribed by psychiatrists.

Social Support Interventions like Peer Support Groups Connects women with others who have experienced PPD. Partner Support educates partners on how to support their loved one.Family Therapy Involves the entire family in the healing process.

Remember to take care of your loved ones as they experience this life changing season. Women’s health affects the health of their children and families. It is critical to safeguard them. 

Nqoba Sibenke is registered with AHPCZ as an intern Counselling Psychologist and can be reached at nqoba.sibenke@icloud.com